Biosecurity Resources from Norway PCA
From Biosecwiki
This section provides links to resources (publications, presentation, databases, etc) relevant to Biosecurity and produced by FAO with funding from the Norway PCA during the period 2005-2008.
FAO Biosecurity toolkit
contact: Ezzeddine Boutrif
Resources to help countries assess their own capacity for dealing with threats to national Biosecurity, such as animal disease, plant pest outbreaks, contamination in the food chain, etc. The toolkit is intended to address Biosecurity capacity needs at system-wide, organisation and individual levels, and includes checklists, questionnaires and discussion topics for use among national decision-makers.
For FAO tools for Biosecurity capacity development developed during the period 2004-2006, tested and finalised (2007), see FAO Biosecurity Toolkit- warning: file > 3MB
(this toolkit is also available in french [1] and spanish [2])
Bhutan produced a Biosecurity situation report, and are developing a plan for activities to be implemented during the period 2009-2010, Bhutan report 2008
Separate examples and project reports from Rwanda - with independent consultants but based on the FAO toolkit - are available on request
"Mini-proposals" to support national stakeholder consultations, following up regional training courses were funded in 2008:
- Tanzania (initiated by the animal health authorities but integrated with other activities)
- Malawi
- Ghana
- Gambia
Legal frameworks for Biosecurity
contact: Jessica Vapnek
One output of Norway PCA has been the legislative study prepared and published by the FAO Legal Office entitled “Development of an analytical tool to assess national Biosecurity legislation”. Six national legal experts worked under the supervision of an international legal consultant and a legal officer in the Legal Office’s Development Law Service. The legislative study provides an overview of national Biosecurity legislation; discusses the international legal context for Biosecurity; introduces an analytical methodology to be used by countries wishing to assess their national legal frameworks for Bioesecurity; and applies the methodology to the six pilot countries. Subsequent work has taken place in two more countries, with the international legal consultants' reports currently under revision.
- Overview
- International regulatory framework
- Introduction to case studies
- Legal Methodology
- Ethiopia
- Ghana
- India
- Kenya
- Uganda
- Vietnam
- Lessons Learned
Biosecurity and Animal Health Early warning: Empres-i system development
contact: Julio Pinto
Enhancement to the internal FAO animal health database and mapping system, contributing to the Global Livestock Early Warning initiative.
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Biosecurity in Tanzania: Contribution to One UN Programme JP 6.2
Under the One UN programme in Tanzania, authorities had requested assistance for a Biosecurity strengthening programme, to include support to animal and plant health activities. Funds were used to make an early start on the most needed areas of plant health (including drawing up of pest lists and assessment of capacity at border control points, and included the hiring of two international experts (one from within the region), training of national experts and funding of initial surveillance activities. The catalytic funds provided have been more than matched by a contribution from One UN funds in Tanzania for Biosecurity activities ($1 million for 2008).
assessment of border phytosanitary capacity in Tanzania (on request)
programme JP 6.2 activities 2008 table
Approaches to Transboundary Biosecurity Problems in the Districts Along the Common Border of Tanzania and Uganda
contact: Gabriel Rugalema
Under the general theme of Support to National Biosecurity Initiatives and Policies in Countries Facing High Risks of Outbreaks of Diseases and Pests, work was carried out in two phases.
The main objective of Phase I of the project was to assess the magnitude and dynamics of diseases, their transboundary aspects, and the combined or cumulative impact on food security, biodiversity, livelihoods, and rural development in general, with a view to generating information relevant to policy formulation in responding to biosecurity risks and threats. It concluded with a workshop in June 2007 (presentations below)
Phase 2 involved a pilot of the use of an SMS-based system as a means of early warning collaboration between villages, district officials and research stations, for reporting of outbreaks of pest and disease.
- Phase 1: District Biosecurity, Tanzania and Uganda - study on disease burden and "hotspots"
- Phase 2: District Biosecurity, Tanzania and Uganda - creating a surveillance network
- Explaining the distribution and persistence of emerging and re-emerging diseases (EIDs) of agricultural importance in the Tanzania-Uganda interface ecosystem to the west of Lake Victoria: perspectives from local communities (Draft output)
To access photos of crop pests and diseases identified along the border regions of Tanzania and Uganda, along with observed impacts, follow this link for Photo Gallery
Biosecurity and socio-economic impact of HPAI in S.E. Asia
Contact: Anni Macleod or John Curry
Summary of work funded
Cambodia study on value chains in poultry, April, 2008 (warning: large file - 4MB}
Vietnam study on restructuring the poultry sector (warning: large file - 12MB}
[more docs still to add here]
Policy and Biosecure agriculture
Case study based work looking at Biosecurity, and market collapse, and drawing conclusions regarding some of the policy options available.
Contact: Saifullah Syed
Resources include:
Supporting materials
Biosecurity and aquatic animal health
Contact: Rohana Subasinghe
Under the aquatic animal health biosecurity component, six major activities were undertaken, namely:
- updating of the internet-based FAO Aquatic Animal Pathogen and Quarantine Information System (www.aapqis.org) information system
- two distinct capacity building activities (on information requirements for maintaining aquatic animal biosecurity and on molluscan health management)
- two desk studies (a Manual of Procedures for the Quarantine of Live Aquatic Animals and an FAO Diagnostic Guide to Aquatic Animal Diseases) and
- a successful investigation of a serious and emerging fish disease outbreak affecting the Chobe-Zambesi River in South Africa, thought to have originated in SE Asia.
The main outputs are two major publications - the Manual of Procedures for the Quarantine of Live Aquatic Animals (LINK) and the FAO Diagnostic Guide to Aquatic Animal Diseases (LINK).
A restructured internet-based information system is available at (LINK).
Overall impacts
Within the six project activities, six Low Income Countries (Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Myanmar, Nepal, and Viet Nam) gained direct benefits through participation in the two training/workshops. A further five Lower-Middle Income Countries (China, Indonesia, Philippines, Sri Lanka and Thailand) directly benefited from the project activities. Four Low Income Countries (Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia and Zimbabwe) will receive future direct benefits that will emanate from a follow-up regional technical cooperation project on aquatic animal health management.
Highlights
- The aquatic animal pathogen database and its improvement provides vital scientific and technical information and is an important tool for doing risk analysis.
- The training on mollusc health management and workshop on biosecurity information requirements strengthens overall diagnostic capacity, thus providing a basis for improving on-farm, zonal, national and regional biosecurity.
- The quarantine manual is the first of its kind, presented within the framework of risk analysis and biosecurity and will serve as a key reference.
- The investigation of a serious fish disease outbreak in South Africa brought a new dimension to general biosecurity maintenance in Africa, identifying a serious threat to the regions fisher and aquafarmers’ fishfood source, livelihoods and biodiversity through introduction of new pathogens.
International Portal on Food Safety, Animal and Plant Health (2005-06)
Contact: Mike Robson
Supported by Norway PCA, STDF projects and FAO regular programme over the period 2003-to date, the specific resources available include:
- training materials on the use of the portal
- a manual for inclusion of national data on SPS-related legislation, regulations and standards
FAO Crisis Management Centre (2006)
Contact: Mike Robson
Norwegian funding was used to support a project manager in setting up the FAO-OIE Crisis Management Centre, during the period March-Octiber 2006. Work included commissioning a facility with improved communications technology, developing operating procedures, and managing deployments to test arrangements (such as to Sudan in June 2006).
- Report from factfinding visit to Geneva on emergency management centres at WHO and International Red Cross
- CMC's own wiki from 2006-2007
- launch video
Biosecurity in India: strengthening capacity for plant protection (2007-08)
Contact: Mike Robson
The objectives of this component were to support reform of plant protection in India, lead by Dr WR Reddy, JS Plant Protection, from March 2007-March 2008, and to assist with the development of national Biosecurity concepts.
Outputs:
- a pilot of a georeferenced system for plant pest surveillance bringing together fixed plot and roving survey data, and incorporating new data entry sources (a handheld device for field data entry), and with new mapping and analysis tools in partnership with NIC, NCIPM, DAC and the State Departments of Agriculture
- a business model supporting "privatisation" of the National Plant Protection Training Institute (NPPTI)
- new curricula for NPPTI in IPM, short specialist technical subjects (weeds, nematodes, etc) and pesticide chemistry
- improved procedures for plant quarantine
background to FAO assistance 2007-08:
- scope for strengthening plant protection in India, March 2007
- Strengthening Plant Protection Coordinating Committee, July 2007
- minutes of CC1
- 2nd Coordinating Committee, December 2007
Resources:
plant pest and disease surveillance
- Central IPM Centres roving surveillance guidelines, Sept 2007, plus IPM interventions for pests and diseases of cotton, groundnut, and rice
- Training for Pilot
- User Manual for Pilot
- Preliminary evaluation of pilot of use of handheld data collection device, Jan-Feb 2008 in Andhra Pradesh (Guntur, Kurnool, Rangareddi and Warangal districts)
- Launch, 26 feb 2008
- concept note on surveillance, 10 March 2008
strengethening NPPTI
IPM/plant protection training materials
- presentation on IPM in India
- IPM Task Force, Aug 2007
- IPM Rice curriculum
- IPM Cotton curriculum
- IPM Groundnut curriculum
plant quarantine
- Plant quarantine training outline
- Standard Operating Procedures for issuing Phytosanitary Certificates, and Post Entry Quarantine [available on request after agreement with Government of India]
- Recommendations of the Plant Quarantine task force
back to office reports
Biosecurity and Aid for (safer)Trade position paper (Sept 2007)
contact: Mike Robson
Aid for Trade has been promoted by the World Bank and the World Trade Organisation. Many presentations highlight the importance of speeding up trade and removing unnecessary bureaucracy, for instance at border crossings. While this is clearly desirable, some of the controls at borders, particularly those for sanitary and phytosanitary checks on traded products are necessary to ensure national and regional Biosecurity. If these controls represent a significant bottleneck, then what is needed is investment - in inspection (staff, training, equipment, communications) and diagnosis (well-equipped functioning laboratories).
Paper prepared for the interministerial regional consultations on Aid for Trade
regional follow up events planned (Kampala 28-29 May 2008)
